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Test strategies for system virtualization software
This material may be useful for those who test the systems of the type described and also for managers these projects.
Osadchaya Helen Tester tesing Driver Team: Author
Co-author Helen Futornyak, Junior Tester Test Pilot Team
href = "http://www.apriorit.com"> Apriori Inc
Virtualization software systems
Virtualization broadly just becomes more and more popular and also the virtualization software, in particular. With virtualization, users Final can work with things normal and do not think in reality it deals with virtual objects. It solves the wide range of issues the use of real resources.
We will examine the systems virtualization software for applications and workstations virtual end-user. This means that we will examine systems that allow users to use various applications without installing them on the user's computer (eg, work with MS Word without having to install all Microsoft Office on the computer). Or that may happen to work with different operating systems without having multiple computers with real operating systems are installed required on them.
In other words, with the help of these systems, the application starts on the client computer and looks as if it were installed locally. The user can freely work with data without making changes on his local computer.
Examples of virtualization systems are Microsoft App-V, VMware ThinApp, Citrix XenApp, and many others.
The test environment
Network
The virtualization software systems are primarily client-server applications. Therefore the interaction with the network is inevitable.
Very often, for a full test of virtualization systems, we need to create a separate test subnet with a domain controller and several computers added to this area.
Just have a computer distinct small capacity as controller domain. We can install it on multiple systems and in such a way to test our system for compatibility with different operating systems on the domain controller (in general, it is the Windows server operating 2003/2008/2008R2).
You must install the following roles on the domain controller:
- Active Directory Domain Services;
- DHCP;
- DNS.
You need to configure the gateway to access the Internet from the LAN. So you need a switch and network cables more for configuring the network.
Virtual Machines
We need many computers, because we need to verify work with all supported clients and servers. In addition, we may need to try working with different processors, sound cards, and other materials. Virtual machines are used for these purposes. Utilities that create virtual machines are VMware Workstation, Microsoft Virtual PC, Parallels Workstation, VirtualBox and Sun.
Although tests on virtual machines is easier, do not forget the test on real computers. The results were obtained in the environment Virtual may differ from results of tests on real computers.
VDI
If support for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure is implemented in the project tested (ie when the user can obtain not only the remote desktop, but also the entire computer available virtual) environment for further testing the hypervisor will be necessary.
It is better to assign a computer physically separate install the hypervisor. Hypervisors most commonly used are:
- ESX / ESXi VMware;
- Micosoft Windows Server 2008 R2 with Hyper-V role installed;
- Micosoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 (without GUI).
It is recommended to install hypervisors on different hard drives.
ESX / ESXi is very demanding on the hardware (CPU, network card) so we have check compatibility first.
WAN Emulator
In the process of testing the network local, we may need to work worldwide network emulation and emulation of the slow connection (packet delay). We will need the network World emulator for this, for example, WANem (can be downloaded from http://wanem.sourceforge.net/).
Virtual Printers
If the system under test supports the redirection of printers in the session, we will need not only real but also including virtual printers to test the system. Virtual Printer is a program that emulates the printing, but does not require the actual device (typically, print action is performed in a file).
Examples of virtual printers are:
- Adobe Acrobat;
- PDFCreator;
- FinePrint, etc.
Additional Features
Depending on the specific system tested and the reorientation of the devices it supports, we also need the following:
- printer;
- scanner;
- headset with a microphone;
- web camera;
- USB flash drives;
- card reader;
- USB hub.
Test Types
Configuration Testing
This type of test is unavoidable for virtualization systems and takes into account a number of parameters. The main parameters of the test configuration is the operating system and its capacity (32 - or 64-bit).
The system should be tested on all operating systems supported for both server and client side.
The server side may consist of several components, which may or must be installed on different computers. It will also increase the number of all possible combinations. Therefore, priority is required.
It is good if the system is in use, already has its users, and we know what operating systems they use. In this case, we need to test on these very early operating systems.
If we know nothing about end users, we can see the statistics of the operating systems used in the world or in a specified region (If the system is intended to be distributed in a specified region). These statistics can be easily found on the Internet (Eg http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_os.asp).
It is also important to vary and run tests with different editions of the operating system (Standard, Enterprise, Home, Premium, etc.) and with different service packs, updates, etc.
So we need to make a table - the matrix configuration and location there are the configuration settings in order of significance. In the simplest case, it seems roughly as follows:
Table 1 Matrix System
In the table, it is convenient to mark configurations already tested and ongoing ones with different colors. And we can mark configurations passed on previous versions.
If the system under test is intended not only for PCs and laptops as a client but also for thin clients and PDAs, they must also be included the configuration table.
If the system under test provides the web interface for customers, should be added browsers everything possible for configuration settings:
- IE;
- Firefox;
- Chromium;
- Opera;
- Safari, etc.
It is hardly possible to run tests on all configurations. Usually, the configurations of highest priority are covered.
Installation Test
Typically, the server side of virtualization systems consisting of several components to allow for installation on several computers and distribute the load so. Or design can be used to install or remove certain features defined.
Therefore, it is a set of cases that should be tested:
- Default installation;
- Cancellation of the facility;
- Installing components separately on different computers;
- Installation of all components on a single computer;
- installation of additional components;
- Removal of one or more components;
- Reinstalling the application;
- Remove all components;
- Installing the combination of components (to compile the optimum set of cases, we can use the method of all couples or simply select the combinations that are most appropriate to the actual situation);
- Installation for all users / current user.
The client side depends on the project. With or without installation of all components is also possible. In the case Generally, the test set will be the same as the server.
We must not forget to test the installation is not only the virtual machine, but on the real.
If the system is in use, it is likely that the new version of the program will for users in two ways: as a separate facility and the service pack. It is therefore necessary to check the update the previous version to the new.
Functional Testing
It is the main type of tests where the product functionality is verified. Exploring the interaction with outside programs, including the end user will probably use, is achieved.
- First, it is necessary to check the use case, ie what the user will probably not with the system.
Under the special program will last at least 2 types of users: administrator, who will deploy and configure the system and the end user (the real one end), which only works with the client and from there, the applications needed and jobs created by the administrator on the server for him.
Thus, we must first of all use cases for system testing.
- Then, we can deepen in functional tests.
To do this, we need to divide the project into logical parts (functions) and prepare a detailed test plan for each part. We can start testing using the test plan provided after the smoke test (see below) has been successfully adopted and this feature has not blocking defects.
- It is also important to check how the system works tested with other applications, including end-user use.
For example, if the system works with audio redirected and / or video and do not use standards, it will be interesting to see how it will work Programmes for communicators, such as Skype, ICQ, and Microsoft Office Communicator.
Performance Test
Performance tests is to determine whether the developed system is effective and does not abuse the resources.
For example, the workload of several servers is checked when receiving applications remotely from the server by multiple clients simultaneously.
What to check?
As a general rule, we check the memory and CPU usage, and traffic.
- To verify the use CPU and memory, we can use standard Windows tools such as Task Manager and Performance Monitor (perfmon command launched from the command line).
- To control traffic, we can use BWMeter, for example (can be downloaded from http://bwmeter.en.softonic.com/).
If the load balancer is implemented in the system (something similar to the load balancer in Windows Server), it is necessary to load some servers for testing purposes artificially (eg, increase memory usage and use processor).
To do this, we may use third-party utilities, such as Rmma for CPU usage (can be downloaded of http://cpu.rightmark.org/products/rmma.shtml) and ALEGR MEMTEST for increased use of memory (can be downloaded From http://www.alegr-memtest.com-about.com/).
High and increased loads
It is important to verify performance system under conditions that are more approximate to reality (at high loads). To verify this performance, load testing is performed. For example, we can verify the server's response time when connecting many customers to her.
If the number of clients with whom we conduct tests exceeds the reported number, it will be tested with increased loads, ie, stress testing. In this case, we focus on how the system responds correctly to the increased load.
Regression Testing
Testing related to evolution is probably of the type often used for system virtualization. These systems are not written in a moment, their features are gradually extended. It Therefore, upon receipt of the trial, first it is necessary to verify the basic functionality and verify if something was broken during changes in the program.
To verify the core functionality quickly, test plans corresponding to the regression tests smoke are prepared. They are prepared by setting priorities in the test plan for extensive testing and selecting cases with the highest priority from the test plan as a priority.
It is recommended that you run all the events on 1-2 configurations highest priority and smoke tests on the rest of configurations.
Automated Testing
Control of virtualization software systems is a broad set of tasks for automation: from simple cases to automate the installation of complex systems Automation universal starting the hypervisor, start the virtual machines that customers need and provide the user of the session with the required parameters.
Development of such intelligent systems is very complicated, so in general all you need is self-tests for regression testing. In the simplest case, it is a set of cases for verification of the work surface the tested application and enforcement of the simplest and most common actions (acceptance testing). Or, what is better, it can be somewhat extended series of cases for smoke testing. In this case, when the next version is ready for testing, first, we run automated case conducting inspections of general interoperability program (acceptance or smoke). And if self-test has revealed no defects blocking, then we can deepen the test one or another feature.
Most self-tests for virtualization systems will have the client-server architecture. First, we must prepare the client (the start and connect to the server). Then we need to start the session and the server part of the self-test during the session. The server side will see what he has to check and send a response the client. The client receives the message, write data in the report, and close the session.
If we have a number of self-tests covering a test plan of some, so we also provide a solution to run the tests in the required order. This solution will also provide client-server architecture for most tests.
Thus, in the general population case, the client and server will have the parts of the client-server system management self-test. This system will start the party client and server tests and therefore receive and send messages between the client and server.
Conclusion
Among the types of tests, we did not talk about the GUI and usability testing. But this does not mean that these types of tests do are not made for virtualization systems. But generally, the emphasis is on functionality.
In general, it is impossible to examine all possible risks, while defining the test strategy of virtualization systems in advance. Above all, it because requirements often change in the product development process in general. And technology does not stop.
Strategy is a dynamic structure. It should respond to changes appropriately. Only in this case, we can reduce the risks of testing and receive the high quality product.
About the Author
Helen Osadchaya is Tester in Driver Development Team in Apriorit Inc. She is also a tutor og Helen Futornyak, who is Junior Tester of the same team.
Apriorit Inc. is external provider of software research and development services. Main specialization of the company is driver development, cloud computing and virtualization, corporate security, professional software research.
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